[00:00.04]2007年黑暗版历年完形真题解析
[00:00.10]From：沪江考研
[00:00.30]by：daisy8475
[00:00.45]By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.
[00:06.45]The roughly 20 million  inhabitants of these nations looked  hopefully  to the future.
[00:11.95]Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism,
[00:15.71]many of the leaders of independence
[00:18.97]shared the ideals of representative government,
[00:22.05]careers  open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the  right to private property,
[00:27.08]and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.
[00:32.28]Generally there was a belief that the new nations
[00:36.21]should be sovereign and independent states,
[00:39.12]large enough to be economically viable
[00:41.83]and integrated by a  common  set of laws.
[00:44.88]On the issue of  freedom  of religion and the position of the church,
[00:49.49]however , there was less agreement  among the leadership.
[00:52.98]Roman Catholicism had been the state religion
[00:55.77]and the only one  allowed by the Spanish crown,
[00:59.31]While  most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism
[01:03.07]as the official religion of the new states,
[01:05.63]some sought to end the   exclusion of other faiths.
[01:09.34]The defense of the Church became a rallying  cry
[01:12.71]for the conservative forces.
[01:13.53]
[01:14.90]The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,
[01:19.26]valuing equality of everything.
[01:22.01]Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had  promised  in return
[01:26.46]to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.
[01:30.04]By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s  remaining colonies.
[01:36.35]Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower
[01:43.06]because the new nations still needed the revenue
[01:47.08]such policies produced Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered
[01:52.09]by fears that the mass of the population
[01:54.96]was  unprepared for self-rule and democracy.